IP Address Converter
Convert IP addresses between decimal, binary, hexadecimal, and integer, in your browser.
What it's for
IP address converter: decimal, binary, hex and IPv6
IPv4 and IPv6
Full conversion for IPv4 addresses and display support for IPv6.
100% private
Conversion happens in your browser. No data is sent to any server.
CIDR analysis
Calculate network range, broadcast, subnet mask, and number of usable hosts.
Instant
Real-time conversion. No signup, no waiting.
How it works
Three steps, no hassle
Enter the IP address
Type an IP in any format: decimal (192.168.1.1), binary, hexadecimal, or 32-bit integer.
Instant conversion
Get the equivalent representation in all formats. Also shows if it is private, loopback, or multicast.
Analyze the subnet
Enter CIDR notation (like 192.168.1.0/24) to see the subnet mask, IP range, and broadcast address.
FAQ
Got questions?
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a 32-bit numeric identifier (IPv4) assigned to each device on a network. It is typically represented as four decimal octets separated by dots (192.168.1.1), where each octet ranges from 0 to 255. It is the addressing system that lets data packets find their destination across the Internet. IPv4 was defined in RFC 791 in 1981 by DARPA.
The 4 octets of IPv4 are a convenient representation of a 32-bit number. 32 bits allow 2^32 = 4,294,967,296 unique addresses. Each octet (8 bits) can have a value from 0 to 255. Dotted decimal notation is more human-readable than the integer (192.168.1.1 = 3,232,235,777 in decimal) or binary representation (11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001).
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (4 bytes), allowing ~4.3 billion unique addresses. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (16 bytes), allowing 3.4 × 10^38 addresses. IPv6 was designed in the 1990s in response to predicted IPv4 exhaustion. An IPv6 address is written as eight groups of 4 hex digits: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334, which can be abbreviated by removing zeros: 2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334.
RFC 1918 (1996) defined three private IP ranges that are not routed on the Internet: 10.0.0.0/8 (10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255, class A, 16 million IPs), 172.16.0.0/12 (172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255, class B, ~1 million IPs), 192.168.0.0/16 (192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255, class C, 65,536 IPs). Additionally, 127.0.0.0/8 is loopback (localhost), 169.254.0.0/16 is link-local (APIPA), and 224.0.0.0/4 is multicast.
A subnet mask defines which part of an IP identifies the network and which part identifies the host. CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing, RFC 1519, 1993) uses /n notation where n is the number of network bits: 192.168.1.0/24 means the first 24 bits are the network (192.168.1) and the last 8 bits are hosts (0-255), giving 254 usable hosts. /24 is equivalent to the mask 255.255.255.0. CIDR replaced the A/B/C class system for more efficient use of IP space.
IP address history (ARPANET 1969), IPv4 exhaustion, NAT and private networks
The IP (Internet Protocol) has its roots in ARPANET, the precursor network to the Internet funded by DARPA. The first experiments in communication between remote nodes date to 1969. The IP address as we know it was formalized in RFC 791 in September 1981 by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, who are considered the 'fathers of the Internet'. The original IPv4 design with 32 bits was a pragmatic decision: in 1981, it seemed impossible that the world would ever need more than 4 billion connected devices.
IPv4 exhaustion was predicted since the late 1980s. IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) assigned the last available block of IPv4 addresses in February 2011. To extend IPv4's life, two key technologies were developed: CIDR (1993) which replaced the wasteful A/B/C class system, and NAT (Network Address Translation, RFC 1631, 1994) which allows thousands of devices to share a single public IP using private IPs. Today, most of the world's devices have RFC 1918 private IPs and access the Internet through NAT.
IPv6 was designed in the 1990s to solve IPv4 exhaustion. The current standard (RFC 8200) was published in 2017. Despite decades of availability, IPv6 adoption has been slow: according to Google, in 2024 approximately 45% of global traffic already uses IPv6. The NAT64 translation system allows IPv6-only devices to access IPv4 services. In practice, the coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6 will continue for decades more.